August 9th, MondayP.3- 31 --S _ announced on June 21st that all those who owed the associations foundation fee should pay now for thedevelopment of the association. The presidents of the associa-i ^\,-7T\ tion had been chosen 011 June 13th, they were ^AJJL °f KeeferGrocery and >^rt fe' of Yuen Yuen and Company.August 9th , MondayP. 2 (1) The origin of 'Torig Vv'ar ' .Tongs were associations on the basis of clan association or locality. The original aims of tongs were to unite all Chinese and be co-operative. However, there were always the cases that the larger clan or locality might become more powerful and aggressive. There were tiius conflicts between the larger and smaller tongs. Later torig wars might arise out from different party adherence, gambling or prostitution.P. 3 (2) The names of donors (2nd recruitment ) to the Canton great flood